北京市职业人群体检健康状况分析

Health information from an urban physical examination population of Beijing

目的分析体检人群中常见慢病患病、亚临床状态和健康三种状态分布趋势与频度，提取与掌握人群健康状态主要信息。方法采取整群抽样方法，调查北京市一家三级甲等医院1年内年龄20岁以上体检个体共30035名。资料包括调查问卷、全面体格检查和实验室及形态学检查。按照研究制定的标准对所调查人群按照年龄性别分层分析常见慢病患病、亚临床状态和健康三种状态分布趋势与频度；分析年龄组别常见疾病患病比例以及健康风险分布比例。结果高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、肿瘤、卒中五种疾病患病状态占人群比例为28．6％，亚临床状态比例为67．8％，健康状态比例为3．6％。体检人群中自报患病率顺位第一位是高血压。患病和亚临床状态在35岁以上各年龄组中的比例随年龄增加出现相同速率的增减变化。人群中主要健康风险表现为代谢紊乱（61．3％）、肿瘤风险（2．7％）以及形态学检查异常（8．2％）和实验室指标异常（27．8％）；不同年龄组间健康状态差异有统计学意义。结论体检人群健康状态信息可为针对年龄组别健康风险和慢性疾病干预控制提供依据，并为明确体检目标与规范体检操作提供帮助。

Objective To present the data and information from an urban physical examination population of Beijing. Methods Data analysis was carried out in a duster sampling population aged ≥ 20 years with 30 035 individuals. General information, data of physical examination and blood sample were collected by unified methods. The health status was separated into three parts by the criteria generated in this study ： people with common chronic diseases, people in pre-clinic situation and healthy people. The proportion and frequency of deferent situation were also analyzed. Results The proportion of people with common chronic diseases, in pre-clinic and in health situation was 28. 6% , 67. 8% and 3.6% , respectively. There were significantly differences in health situation among age groups. Hypertension was on the top of list in self- reported diseases. The proportion of chronic diseases was increased significantly from 35-years. Meanwhile, the proportion of pre-clinic population was decreased at the same speed. The composition of healthy risk factors in this population presented as metabolic disturbances （61.3%）, observation for tumor risk （2.7%） , abnormal results of morphological examination （8. 2% ） and abnormal results of lab test of serum （27. 8% ）. Conclusions Health information could be obtained from of physical examination population. The information will be helpful for prevention and control of chronic disease as well as of intervention for healthy risk factors.