阴道超声在妇科体检中的应用

Transvaginal sonography in gynecologic examination

目的探讨阴道超声在健康体检中的应用。方法8869例女性健康体检者按年龄分为三组，老年组（年龄≥56岁，1406例），中年组（36～55岁，4801例），青年组（≤35岁，2662例），采用阴道超声的方式检查子宫和附件，对其结果进行分析。结果（1）8869例体检者中共检出患者4207例，检出率47．44％，检出的前5种疾病是子宫肌瘤25．76％（2285例）、宫颈那勃囊肿12．69％（1126例）、附件囊肿3．65％（324例）、卵巢巧克力囊肿1．47％（131例）、子宫肌腺症1．45％（129例），上述疾病与检出的其他妇科疾病比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）老、中、青3个年龄组疾病检出率分别为25．39％、64．42％、28．44％。（3）前5种疾病检出率在各年龄组之间比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其中，中、老年组子宫肌瘤检查率（分别为37．12％和18．78％）明显高于青年组（8．98％，均P〈0．05）；青、中年组宫颈那勃囊肿、附件囊肿、卵巢巧克力囊肿的检出率明显高于老年组（均P〈0．05）。结论阴道超声检查具有无创、简便、价廉、可重复等优点，在妇科体检中具有较高的应用价值。

Objective To discuss the use of transvaginal sonography in gynecologic examination. Methods A total of 8869 female subjects were assigned to the aged group （ ≥ 56 years old, n = 1406）, middle group （36-55 years old, n = 4801 ）, and young group （ 435 years old, n = 2662）. Transvaginal sonography was used for uterus and adnexa scanning in these participants, and the results were analyzed. Results Of 4207 （ 47.44% ） detected patients, uterine leiomyoma （ n = 2285, 25.76% ）, Nabothian cyst （ n = 1126,12. 69% ）, adnexal cyst （ n = 324,3.65% ）, ovarian endometrial cyst （ n = 131, 1.47% ）,and adenomyos （n = 129, 1.45% ） were the most commonly seen gynecopathy. For the aged, middle, and young group, the gynecopathy detection rate was 25.39%, 64.42%, or 28.44%, respectively. The detection rates of those five diseases were significantly different among the three groups （P 〈 0. 05 ）. For instance, the detection rate of uterine leiomyoma in the aged （37. 12% ） or middle （ 18.78% ） group was significantly higher than the young group （ 8. 98% ; both P 〈 0. 05 ） ; while the detection rates of Nabothian cyst, adnexal cyst, and ovarian endometrial cyst in the young or middle group were significantly higher than the aged group （all P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions As a non-invasive test, transvaginal sonography could be easily used in gynecologic examination.