摘要
在利用GC-MS分析石油柴油和生物柴油组成的基础上,应用热分析法研究石油柴油和生物柴油的挥发性和可燃性。结果表明：石油柴油主要为8~26个碳原子的烷烃,生物柴油主要为14-24个偶数碳原子的脂肪酸甲酯：豆蔻酸甲酯C14∶0、棕榈酸甲酯C16∶0、硬脂酸甲酯C18∶0、花生酸甲酯C20∶0、山嵛酸甲酯C22∶0、木焦油酸甲酯C24∶0、棕榈油酸甲酯C16∶1、油酸甲酯C18∶1、二十碳烯酸甲酯C20∶1、芥酸甲酯C22∶1、亚油酸甲酯C18∶2和亚麻酸甲酯C18∶3。随着升温速率的增加,生物柴油的挥发和分解向高温区移动。生物柴油在氮气气氛下发生热解,分为挥发与分解两个阶段;在空气气氛下发生燃烧,分为挥发与燃烧两个阶段。生物柴油比石油柴油难挥发,但可燃性比石油柴油好。
The chemical compositions of petrodiesel and biodiesel were analyzed by GC-MS.Volatility and combustibility of petrodiesel and biodiesel were studied by TG-DSC.Results show that petrodiesel is mainly composed of alkanes of C8～C26,and biodiesel is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters,namely myristic methyl ester C14∶0,palmitic methyl ester C16∶0,stearic methyl ester C18∶0,arachidic methyl ester C20∶0,behenic methyl ester C22∶0,lignoceric methyl ester C24∶0,palmtoleic methyl ester C16∶1,oleic methyl ester C18 ： 1, eicosenoic acid methyl ester C20 ： 1, erucic methyl ester C22 ： 1, linoleic methyl ester C18 ： 2, linolenic methyl ester C18 ： 3, etc. Biodiesel derived from methyl esters of palm oil was analyzed by STA 449C at different heating rate （5, 10, 15 ~C/min） and atmosphere （N2 and air）. Results show that the losing weight temperature, volatilizing tempera- ture and pyrolysis temperature of biodiesel move upward with the heating rate rising. Biodiesel pyrolysis happens in N2 atmosphere and it comprises two steps, namely volatilizing and pyrolyzing; biodiesel combustion happens in air atmosphere and it comprises two steps too, namely volatilizing and combusting. Biodiesel has poorer volatility than petrodiesel for it has higher temperature at the onset and end of volatilization ; and biodiesel has better combustibility for it has big weight loss rate and strong exothermic peak in air.
出处
《中国粮油学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第10期75-78,共4页
Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(5037602)
