铀矿矽肺动态分析

Dynamic Analysis of Incidence of Silicosis in Uranium Miners

目的了解铀矿工矽肺发病情况规律与特点，综合评价铀矿工矽肺防治效果。方法对３个铀矿和两个铀矿地质勘探队进行流行病学调查研究。结果所有矽肺病例开始接尘时间均在五六十年代。自建矿、建队以来的３０多年中，粉尘浓度、矽肺检出率呈下降趋势，矽肺发病工龄、发病年龄、晋期年限、病程与死亡年龄均呈延长趋势。晚发矽肺比例为２０．３１％。只有铀矿粉尘接尘史的矽肺病例平均发病工龄７．４７年，平均发病年龄３６．７４岁，短于有其他非铀矿粉尘接尘史的混合接尘矽肺病例。结论铀矿工矽肺综合防治效果显著。只有铀矿粉尘接尘史的矽肺病例平均发病工龄短。

Objective To understand the laws and characteristics of incidence of silicosis and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and treatment measures for it in uranium miners. Methods An epidemiological study was carried out in three uranium mines and two geological prospecting teams for uranium mines. Results Exposure to dust in all patients with silicosis initiated in 1950s to 1960s. Dust concentration and detection rate of silicosis have been decreasing, the length of employment in uranium mines and age at occurrence of the disease, interval between lower and upper stages of the disease, its duration and age at their death all have showed an increasing trend since the founding of the mines and geological prospecting teams more than thirty years ago. Those with delayed occurrence of the disease accounting for 20.31% of the total cases. The length of employment in the cases exposed to uranium dust averaged 7.47 years, and the age at occurrence averaged 36.74 years, less than in those exposed to mixed non uranium dust. Conclusion Effectiveness of comprehensive prevention and treatment measures for silicosis in uranium mines is significant. The average length of employment and age of the occurrence of the silicosis in those exposed only to uranium dust showed and younger.