某矿区接尘工人30年恶性肿瘤发病情况调查

Studies on Incidence of Malignant Tumor in Workers Exposed to Dust in a Mine in 30 Years

目的调查某矿区接尘工人３０年恶性肿瘤的发病情况。方法采用回顾性队列研究，对该矿区１６７１１名接尘工人和７５９８名非接尘工人恶性肿瘤的发病情况进行调查。结果接尘组中肺癌居首，对非接尘组的标化发病比为２．６４８；接尘工人比非接尘工人恶性肿瘤发病率明显增高；４０岁以上接尘工人中，高接尘工龄段肺癌发病率显著高于低接尘工龄段；湿式作业工人肺癌发病率显著低于干式作业工人。结论接尘工人的恶性肿瘤（特别是肺癌）高发，粉尘可能是致病的重要危险因素之一。

Objective To investigate incidence of malignant tumor in workers exposed to dust in a mine during the past 30 years. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 16 711 workers exposed to dust and 7 598 non exposed workers. Results Incidence of lung cancer in exposed workers ranked the first place, whth an SMR of 2.648, as compared with that of non exposed workers. Incidence of lung cancer in the dust exposed workers with a longer duration of employment was significantly higher than in those with a shorter one. Incidence of lung cancer in exposed workers with a wetoperation mode was lower than that in those with dry operation mode. Conclusion Malignant tumor, especially lung cancer, occurred more frequently in the workers exposed to dust, which could be a potential risk factor contributing to carcinogenesis.