1988～1992年中国神经管缺陷发生率的动态变化

Dynamic Variation of Incidence of Neural Tube Defects during 1988 to 1992 in China

目的了解１９８８～１９９２年我国神经管缺陷（ＮＴＤ）发生率的变化趋势。方法采用以医院为基础的监测方法收集资料，调查对象为孕２８周至生后７天的围产儿，对１９８８～１９９２年全国３０省市、自治区出生缺陷监测网监测的３２４６４０８例围产儿，７７７８例ＮＴＤ病例进行回顾性分析。结果ＮＴＤ发生率由１９８８年２５３／万下降到１９９２年的１８０／万，５年下降了２８９％，年下降率８２％，农村ＮＴＤ下降幅度为３０５％，城市为２６７％；无脑畸形、脑膨出发生率分别下降了３４２％、４８５％；北方ＮＴＤ下降幅度为３０５％，南方为２７８％。结论我国ＮＴＤ发生率呈下降趋势，农村下降幅度大于城市；无脑畸形、脑膨出发生率下降较快；

Objective To study the variation trend in incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) during 1988 to 1992 in China.Methods Data were collected by hospital based monitoring, with women of gestation of 28 weeks to seven days after birth as study subjects. And, 3 246 408 perinates were monitored in the National Birth Defect Monitoring Network in 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions all over the country, and 7 778 cases of NTDs during 1988 to 1992 were recorded and analyzed. Results Incidence of NTDs was 18 0 per ten thousand in 1992, 28 9% reduction from 25 3 per ten thousand in 1988, and yearly average reduction of 8 2%. Incidence of NTDs decreased by 30 5% and 34 2% in rural and urban areas, respectively, by 30 5% and 27 8% in the north and the south, respectively, and incidence of anencephaly and encephalocele fell by 34 2% and 48 5%, respectively.Conclusion Incidence of NTDs showed a falling trend in China, more decrease in rural area and in the north than in urban areas and in the south, respectively, and incidence of anencephaly and fell encephalocela faster.