抗震救灾官兵的心理障碍发生与相关因素的分析

Studies on psychological disorders and correlated factors in the serviceman carrying out the task of anti-earthquake rescue

目的探讨参加四川抗震救灾官兵的心理健康变化特点,为我军应对灾难性事件导致的官兵心理障碍的发生及建立干预方案提供实验依据。方法采用随机整群取样法,使用《军人精神疾病预测量表》对参与救灾的324名官兵(研究组)和未参与救灾的418名官兵(对照组)进行心理测试,并对结果进行对照和逐步回归分析。结果研究组量表总分和心理防御不良、精神病性、人格偏移、躁狂、社会支持缺乏、个性内向、成长经历因子分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组内比较,在心理健康水平上均呈现军官高于士官、士官高于义务兵的趋势,但只在部分因子分上有统计学差异(P<0.05)。研究组的士官和军官量表总分及大部分因子分明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。将相同文化程度者相比可见,研究组量表各因子分有高于对照组的趋势,尤以高中及中专文化者和大专及以上者的差异明显(P<0.05)。影响救灾官兵心理健康的主要因素是年龄和军龄。结论参与救灾官兵的心理健康受到明显损害,需要引起重视并进行干预。

Objective To explore the mental health problems occurred in the servicemen who participated in the anti-earthquake rescue task in Sichuan,and to provide the experimental basis for drawing up a plan for answering the mental health problem induced by disasters in the group of servicemen.Methods A cluster random sample of 324 military rescuers（experimental group） and 418 servicemen（control group） who did not take part in the rescue task were tested with predictive scale of mental disorder for military personnel,and the results were analyzed by contrast analysis and stepwise regression analysis.Results The total score and factor scores,such as unhealthy mental defense,psychosis,personality disturbance,mania,lack of social support,introversion,experience of life and so on,were significantly higher in experimental group than in control group（P〈0.05）.It indicated that in both groups that the level of mental health was higher in military officers than in officers of lower ranks,and in the latter than in soldiers,but significant differences only existed in a part of factor scores（P〈0.05）.The total score and most of the factor scores of both officers and officers of lower rank were obviously higher in experimental group than in control group（P〈0.01～0.05）.For the person with same educational level,such as senior middle school or college graduates,the scores were higher in experimental group than in control group（P〈0.05）.Age and length of military service were the main factors which affected the mental health of military rescuers.Conclusion Serious injury on mental health may occur in military rescuers,and attention should be paid to its investigation,thereby corresponding intervention should be undertaken.