蚯蚓对苹果园土壤生物学特性及幼树生长的影响

Effects of Earthworm on Biological Characteristics of Soil and the Growth of Apple Trees

以果园褐土、潮土和棕壤以及2年生红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.)幼树为试材,在盆栽条件下,通过向盆土埋放蚯蚓,研究蚯蚓对土壤酶、土壤微生物量碳和氮以及苹果根系和新梢生长的影响。结果表明,引入蚯蚓后,3类土壤中脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及微生物量氮均显著提高,其中棕壤脲酶活性提高78.9%,潮土碱性磷酸酶活性提高170.0%,棕壤微生物量氮提高180.4%。蚯蚓处理也显著提高褐土和潮土微生物量碳,其中潮土微生物量碳提高幅度最大,达299.2%。3类土壤经蚯蚓处理后,苹果幼树根系活力、根系和新梢生长量均显著提高,其中,棕壤中的幼树根系活力最高,褐土中的幼树根系生长量最大,潮土中的幼树新梢生长量最大。

The effects of earthworm on soil enzyme activities, microbiomass carbon, microbiomass nitrogen and the growth of apple tree were studied by pot experiment, using the orchard cinnamon soil, brown soil and fluvo-aquie soil and two-year old ‘ Red Fuji＇ apple （Malus domestica Borkh. ） trees as materials. The resuits showed that the earthworm enhanced the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase and alkalin phosphatase, and increased microbiomass nitrogen in the three kinds of soils, in which the urease activity in brown soil, the alkalin phosphatase activity in fluvo-aquic soil and the microbiomass nitrogen in brown soil increased 78.9%, 170. 0% and 180. 4% respectively. The treatment of earthworm increased the microbiomass carbon in cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil, and the increased degree of that in fluvo-aquic soil is the largest, which reached 299.2%. The root activity, root growth and new shoots growth of the apple trees in the soils treated by earthworm increased significantly; The root activity in brown soil, the growth of root in cinnamon soil and the growth of new shoots in fluvo-aquic soil were the highest respectively in the three kinds of soils treated by earthworm.