柱型与普通型苹果叶片结构与叶绿体超微结构比较

Comparison of Leaf Structure and Chloroplast Ultrastructure Between Columnar and Standard Apples

采用石蜡切片法、扫描电镜和透射电镜法对柱型和普通型苹果各3个品种的叶片结构和叶绿体超微结构进行比较。结果表明,柱型苹果叶片每一层内的栅栏组织细胞大小不等,细胞排列相对杂乱,各层细胞之间相互交错,层与层之间分界线不明显;而普通型苹果叶片每一层内的栅栏组织细胞大小一致,细胞排列整齐紧密,各层之间分界线明显。柱型苹果的叶片总厚度、栅栏组织厚度和栅海比均显著高于普通型苹果。柱型苹果上表皮细胞表面的褶皱明显多于普通型苹果,表皮细胞隆起的高度较高。两种类型苹果的气孔长度差异不明显,但柱型苹果的气孔密度显著高于普通型,气孔宽度则是显著低于普通型。柱型苹果叶绿体内基粒或基质片层与叶绿体长轴方向不平行,基粒片层排列不规则,片层数相对较少;而普通型苹果叶绿体内的基粒或基质片层与叶绿体长轴方向平行排列,基粒片层排列整齐致密,片层数相对较多。

The anatomical structure, leaf epidermis structure and chloroplast uhrastructure of columnar and standard apples were studied using paraffin section method, scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscope. The results showed that the size of palisade tissue cells within the same layer of columnar apple was different and its array was irregular. The cells of different layers were intervened each other, and the border of different layers was not clear. The size of palisade tissue cells within the same layer of standard apple was equal and its array was quite regular and close together. The border of different layers was obvious to distinguish. The leaf total thickness, palisade tissue thickness and the ratio of palisade tissue thickness and spongy tissue thickness of columnar apple were obviously higher than those of standard apple. There were more wrinkles on the surface of the upper epidermal cells of columnar apple and the bulges of epidermal cells were higher compared with standard apple. There were no obvious difference for the length of stomata between columnar apple and standard apple, but the stomata density of columnar apple was obviously higher and its stomata width was shorter than those of standard apple. The grana or stroma lamellae of chloroplast of columnar apple were not parallel to the long axis of the chloroplast, grana lamellae were arrayed irregularly and the number of chloroplast lamellae were small. Whereas grana or stroma lamellae of standard apple were parallel to the long axis of the chloroplast, grana lamellae were arrayed regular and closely and the number of chloroplast lamellae were relatively more than those of columnar apple.