同种异体关节软骨细胞分离体外培养再移植修复关节软骨缺损实验研究

Study on Articular Cartilage Defect Repaired with Homograft of Isolated and Cultured Chondrocytes

目的关节软骨一旦缺损，其修复能力有限。本实验通过移植同种异体兔软骨细胞，修复关节软骨缺损。方法软骨细胞取自出生后３周雄性新西兰幼兔，体外培养，移植于成年雌性新西兰兔膝关节。股骨内髁缺损区为移植细胞组，左股骨外髁缺损为移植胶原凝胶组，右股骨外缺损为空白对照组。术后所有动物不加外固定任意自由活动，于术后４，８，１２周处死，进行肉眼、组织学、透射电镜观察，标本用带有Ｙ染色体的Ｓｅｘ－ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｇ－ｒｅｇｉｏｎ－Ｙ（ＳＲＹ）基因进行杂交。结果移植软骨细胞组术后股骨内髁缺损区得到修复，而移植胶原凝胶组和空白对照组术后股骨外髁缺损未得到修复。ＳＲＹ基因性别鉴定也证明了以上结果。结论关节软骨的缺损及骨性关节炎通过软骨细胞移植方法进行治疗，可再生出新的透明软骨。

Aim To study the effect of homograft of isolated and cultured chondrocytes on articular cartilage defect. Methods Chondrocytes were taken from 3 weeks old New Zealand unmature male rabbits. The chondrocytes cultured and preserved in liquid nitrogen (-196℃) were transplanted into the defects of articular cartilage in female rabbits. The defects of either of the knee media femur condyle were planted with chondrocyte collagen and the exteral defects of the left knees were planted with collagen and the lateral defects of the right knees were left empty. After the operation, all the rabbits were set free, that is, without any splintage. The rabbits were killed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperation, and the specimens were disected, macroscope examined histologically, and electronic microscope. The samples were hybridized with probe Y gene. Results The defects of media femur condyle were repaired, but the defects of the exteral femur condyle were not repaired. SRY (sex determing region Y) gene could prove the result. Conclusion The defects of articular cartilage and arthritis may be repaired through transplantation with chondrocytes.