某垃圾卫生填埋场对周边儿童非特异性免疫功能的影响

Effects of Pollution on Nonspecific Immune Function of the Children Living nearby a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

目的了解某大型垃圾卫生填埋场对周边儿童非特异免疫功能的影响。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对某垃圾填埋场周边的3所小学四至六年级(9～12岁)小学生进行流行病学调查,距垃圾填埋场半径2km以内的小学生为高暴露组,2至5km之间的小学生为低暴露组,5km以外的小学生为对照组。采集唾液,对唾液溶菌酶、SIgA浓度进行检测和分析,同时监测室外空气污染物。结果室外空气监测结果显示,污染物浓度与垃圾填埋场距离有关,除CO外,甲烷、NO2、SO2、NH3、H2S、PM10浓度以及臭气强度均随与填埋场距离的缩短而升高。高暴露组、低暴露组、对照组儿童的唾液溶菌酶浓度分别为61.40、71.37、76.10μg/ml,SIgA浓度分别为204.11、224.28、248.44μg/ml。高暴露组和低暴露组唾液溶菌酶、SIgA浓度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着暴露程度的加重,唾液溶菌酶、SIgA浓度均呈下降趋势。结论垃圾填埋场产生的有害物质影响了儿童非特异性免疫功能,造成机体抵抗力下降。

Objective To investigate the effects of pollution on nonspeeific immune function of the children living nearby a municipal solid waste landfill. Methods The concentration of lysozyme and SIgA of saliva came from 951 children who were selected from 3 schools nearby the landfill were analyzed by cluster sampling while the outside air pollutants were detected in ：2006. The high-exposure group included 360 students living in a radius of less than 2 km from the landfill, the low exposure group was consist of 361 students living in a radius of 2-5 kin, the others 230 students living in more than 5 km were taken as the control group. Results The results showed that the pollutants levels were concerned with the location of the landfill, the nearer to the landfill, the higher concentration of CH4, NO2,SO2,NH3,H2S and PM10 except CO. The level of saliva lysozyme ranked as high exposure group,low exposure group and the control group were 61.40,71.37 and 76.10 μg/ml and the same rank for SIgA were 204.11,224.28,248.44 μg/ml, with significant differences （P〈0.05）. The concentration of lysozyme and SIgA showed a downtrend with the more exposure. Conclusion The secondary pollutants come from landfill may damage the nonspecific immune function and decrease the resistance for diseases in children.