心理解剖及其运用限制

Psychological Autopsy and Its Limitation in Application

长期以来,中国对自杀的判断仅依靠死亡现场和尸体特征,忽视了心理解剖对死亡方式的区分作用。心理解剖与传统的自杀风险评估和自杀流行病学调查有明显区别。心理解剖的目的主要是了解死者个性特征、行为方式、自杀动机;心理解剖的方法是全面调查、收集和分析死者有关的资料。心理解剖也存在很多限制,其中缺乏标准方案是主要原因。最近Bermanr提出了一个较为完善的标准,但这个标准在我国应用之前还有许多问题需要解决。

The suicide were analyzed depending only on the death scene and cadaver features but not on the psychological autopsy（PA） that also enables the determination of the manner of death in China for a long time. There are significant differences between PA and the traditional risk assessment of suicide. The goals of PA are to find out the features of individuality, the patterns of behavior and the possible motives of suicide. The methods of PA involve investigating, collecting and analyzing all related information of the deceased. There are many limitations of PA in application mainly due to the lack of the standard proce- dures. Although an improved procedure has recently developed by Berman, many problems need to be solved before the actual application of PA in China.