新中国60年“政府主导型”发展模式的形成与演变

60 Years of Government-led Development Mode in New China:Formation and Evolution

由于国际环境和人均资源压力,由于新民主主义革命的结果以及历史文化传统的影响,新中国成立以后我国即实行了强大的政府主导型经济发展模式,这个模式在1956年社会主义改造完成以后到1978年改革开放前的22年达到了极端,政府几乎成为唯一的资源配置和经济决策者,这种体制虽然保证了国家安全和建立起工业化的基础,但是也抑制了经济活力及人民生活水平的提高。1978年以后的改革开放,实质上是政府逐渐将微观经济让渡给市场调节,将资源配置和经济决策权逐渐下放给企业和人民的过程。如何协调政府与市场的关系,使其各司其职,同时避免"政府失灵"和"市场失灵",不仅是过去和现在的重大问题,也是将来需要解决的重大问题。

After the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, a strong government-led economic development mode was formed out of the pressure of the outside world and resources per capita, as a consequence of the new democratic revolution, and under the influence of the traditional Chinese history and culture. While this mode had guaranteed national security and paved the way for industrialization, it had restricted the liveliness of economy and negatively affected improvement of people＇s living standard. The implementation of the reform and open-up policies since 1978 actually signaled a transformation process of government policies, through which micro-economy gradually gives way to market regulation, and the power of resource distribution and economic policy-making are also transferred to the enterprises and the people.