“正义”的历史限度及其超越

The Historical Limitation of Justice and Beyond Justice

就其现实形态而言,个体的存在和发展(成己)与广义的世界变革(成物)都离不开多样的社会资源,资源的获取、占有、分配则涉及社会正义。社会正义的实现以个体自主的原则与人性平等的原则为双重前提。从社会的衍化看,正义本身具有历史性:以权利为关注的中心,使正义很难超越形式意义上的平等和程序层面的公正,从而也无法使人的存在意义得到充分的实现,后者决定了它将随着社会的演进而被超越。以社会资源或物质财富的高度增长为历史前提,人的存在价值的真正实现,具体地表现为人的自由发展,后者既以成就自我为内容,又以成就世界为指向。在每个人的自由发展与一切人自由发展的互动中,一方面,以权利为关注的中心的正义得到了扬弃;另一方面,成己与成物作为意义世界生成的历史过程而获得了深沉的价值内涵。

Both the development of person andthe change of the world depend on the various social resources, and the acquisition, holding, and distribution involve the social justice. There are two principles of social justice： one is the principle of freedom of person, and the other is that of equality of per- son. In the perspective of social development, justice itself entail the dimension of historicity： taking rights as its core, the principle of justice fails to be beyond the formal equality and the fair of procedure, and therefore it is hard for justice to ensure the realization of the meaning of human being. This limitation means that the development of society will go beyond the principle of justice. Under the condition that the social resources can substantively satisfy the all need of human being, the value of human being also can be realized, which is manifested in the free development in both individual level and social area.