外商直接投资的技术溢出效应与中国经济增长

FDI Technology Spillover Effects and China Economic Growth

外商直接投资(FDI)的技术溢出效应,促进了东道国技术和生产力的提高,是对东道国经济贡献的一种表现。研究表明,外资企业已经成为中国对外贸易中的绝对主力,其主要贡献表现在:加速资金积累;推动技术进步,提升产业结构;扩大出口创汇,改善出口结构;创造就业机会;增加财政收入;促进中国市场化改革;促进中国经济国际化。选取外商直接投资密集的江苏省作为研究对象,经样本分组回归分析发现,在技术差距较大、内外资竞争度较小以及行业规模较小的行业中,外商直接投资呈现出微弱的正技术溢出效应;而在制造业行业内外资技术差距大、竞争程度大而行业规模大的行业,外商直接投资的技术溢出效应显示为负。所以,在现阶段的外资利用中,我们在注重外资的数额外,更应该注重外商直接投资所引起的带动中国国内经济效率提高的外溢效应。要进一步实施优化外商直接投资软环境,通过政策导向来促进外资的技术外溢效应,加大对教育和科技的投入及完善和规范中国的市场机制与监管等措施,从而实现跨国公司效益最大化和中国经济可持续增长的双赢目标。

Foreign direct investment （FDI） spillovers of technology and promote the host country technology and productivity, the economic contribution of the host country is a manifestation. Research shows that foreign-funded enterprises in China＇s foreign trade has become an absolute mainstay of the performance of its main contributions are： to accelerate the accumulation of capital; to promote technological progress, upgrading the industrial structure; to expand exports and improve the export structure; the creation of employment opportunities; to increase revenue; the promotion of market-o- riented reforms; to promote China＇s economic internationalization. This paper intensive FDI in Jiang-su Province as the research object, through the sub-sample regression, we found that the larger the technology gap with the smaller degree of foreign competition, as well as smaller industry sectors, FDI is showing weak spillover effects technology; and foreign investment in the manufacturing indus- try, the technology gap, and the level of competition and large scale industry sector, FDI spitlover effects of technology appear as negative. Therefore, at this stage, we focus on the amount of foreign capital, but also should pay attention to FDI by the domestic economy, driven by the spillover effect of increased efficiency. To further optimize the implementation of the soft environment for foreign direct investment through policy guidance to promote the technology spillover effect of foreign capital and increase its input in education, science and technology and to improve and standardize the mechanism of China ~s market and regulatory measures to achieve and maximize the benefits of transnational corporations in China sustainable economic growth target of a win-win situation.