中国固体废物法规体系框架分析

LEGISLATION SYSTEM ON PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOLID

固体废物污染与其它环境污染不同，具有综合性、长期性和潜在性。固体废物管理更为强调综合利用和全过程管理，必须通过立法建立科学完善的法律制度来加强固体废物的管理。有关固体废物污染防治的法律、法规、部门规章、地方法规和环境技术标准构成了固体废物法规体系的基本框架。在系统分析现有固体废物法规中存在的问题的基础上，对固体废物管理的法规框架进行了探讨。通过立法，以“统一协调，分工负责”的原则规范各部门对固体废物的管理职能。还强调通过立法、健全监督机制、从法律上限制个人对行政权的滥用、制订技术政策与环境技术标准。除了行政责任外，论文还着重强调了环境违法者的民事责任和刑事责任。

The solid waste pollution is different from other environmental pollution, it is comprehensive, long-term, and potential. The comprehensive utilization and the management for whole production process are specially emphasized in the solid waste management. To strengthen the solid waste management, it is necessary to establish a perfect law and regulation system. The laws, the State Council statutes, department regulations, local regulations, and the State standards that focus on the solid waste pollution are the main contents in the basic frame of the solid waste legislation system. On the basis of the summary and analysis on the current laws, statues, and regulations, the basic frame of the solid waste legislation system is discussed. It is suggested that the management authority of the departments on solid wastes should be normalized by legislation, based on 'Integrated harmony, responsible respectively'. It is emphasized that the supervision system should be improved, the administrative authority should be normalized by laws, the technical policies and standards should be formulated. In addition to the administrative obligation, the civil and criminal obligation for the environmental behaviors that break laws are also emphasized.