市场结构与我国银行业绩效:假说与检验

Market Structure and Banking Industry Performance in China

本文研究了我国银行业市场结构与银行绩效之间的关系,发现市场份额与银行资产回报率之间有显著正向相关关系,市场集中度和资产回报率之间存在显著负向相关关系。如果以逾期贷款和呆滞贷款占比为银行绩效的衡量指标,市场集中度越高的地区这类不良贷款的比重越高。这一结论在一定程度上支持了关于市场结构和银行绩效关系的"相对市场力量"假说。同时,研究还发现,无论对于资产回报率还是不良贷款占比,效率总是影响金融机构绩效的重要因素。另外,降低市场集中度会有利于提高银行的效率,降低不良贷款占比。

The paper examined the relationship between the market structure and performance of the banking industry in China. In the study, we found positive relationship between market share and return to hank assets, and negative relationship between market concentration and return to assets. Using loan overdue as an indicator for bank performance, we found that the market with higher concentration posted with higher ratio of non-performance loan （NPL）. This supported the ＂relative market strength＂ hypothesis on market structure and banks＇ performance. In addition, the study found that efficiency had been an importance factor in determining financial institution performance, measured by both return to assets and NPL ratio. Besides, reduced market concentration can improve banks＇ efficiency and reduce their NPL ratio. Therefore, further market opening, entry criteria relaxing and competition enhancing will improve efficiency of financial institutions, and in turn, the efficiency of the banking industry in China.