固体聚合物电解池分离氚的理论分析

Theoretical Analysis of Tritium Separation by Solid Polymer Electrolyte

水电解是氢同位素分离的一种有效方式,固体聚合物电解池(SPE)因具有高电流密度、低液体滞留等特点而备受青睐。为了完成SPE氚分离系统的工程设计与建造,本文针对由氢和不同阴极材料组成的SPE,在其分离氚的机理上,对水与二元氢化物之间的氢同位素交换反应进行了分析,利用归一配分函数和同位素两相分布理论计算了同位素交换反应的平衡常数和分离因子。结果表明:采用316L不锈钢和镍作为阴极的SPE,其分离因子的计算值与文献实验值较为符合,而碳阴极SPE分离因子的计算值远小于文献实验值。

Water electrolysis is an effective way for hydrogen isotopes separation. An electrolysis using Solid Polymer Electrolyte （SPE）has been developed recently because of high current density and low liquid inventory. For an effective engineering design and building of SPE for tritium separation system,the separation mechanism was analyzed as the hydrogen isotope exchange reaction between water and diatomic hydride that consists of hydrogen and cathode material. The equilibrium constants and separation factors of the isotope exchange reaction were calculated from reduced partition function ratio and from the two-phase distribution theory for isotopes. The results show that calculated separation factors were well agreed with the experimentally values in literature for 316L stainless steel and Ni cathodes,and those for carbon cathode were somewhat smaller than the experimental values.