柴达木盆地农田土壤盐渍化特征及其防治对策研究

CHARACTERISTICS AND AMELIORATION OF FARMLAND SALINIZED SOILS IN THE QAIDAM BASIN

本文首先分析了柴达木盆地农田土壤盐渍化类型和分级；其次结合卫片探讨了农田盐化程度及分布状态；最后，主要围绕降低农田盐化土壤地下水位、改良土壤物理化学性状和减少蒸发强度三个方面提出了盐渍化土壤的改良措施，主要包括：水利工程改良、农业改良、生物改良、化学改良。

The determination of the type of farmland salinized soil is based on its equivalent ratio of Cl - to SO 2- 4,while the differentiation of salinization degree for farmland salinized soil is chiefly based on the type and content of soil salt.The study shows that the main types of farmland salinized soils include sulfate-chloride salinized soil and chloride-sulfate salinized soil,and the salinization degree refers to lightly,moderately,and seriously salinized soil classes. \ \ Regionally,farmland salinized soil is mainly distributed in the east part of the Qaidam Basin;topographically,kit is chiefly distributed on the middle or lower part of the transitional belt from diluvial or alluvial fan to lake deposit or alluvial plain.The distributions of salinized soils in different administrative regions and valley agricultural regions have also been studied.The measures for amelioration of salinized soils mainly refer to lowering ground water level,improving the soil properties and reducing evaporation.Detailed amelioration measures chiefly include water conservancy project amelioration,agricultural amelioration,biological amelioration,and chemical amelioration. \ \