稻田水面分子膜对提高氮肥利用率的研究

Study on the Effect of Paddy Water Surface Molecular Membrane on Increasing Utilization Rate of Nitrogen Fertilizers.

通过田间的观测研究，明确了稻田中氨挥发速率与田面水的氨分压和田面水以上的风速之间，存在着一定的函数关系。本试验主要研究降低田面水表面的氨向大气逸失，研究稻田水面分子膜对提高氮肥利用率的作用及对水稻产量的影响。试验结果表明，水面分子膜能够大大降低氨挥发速率，减少氮素损失。稻田在施入尿素或碳铵肥料后加施水面分子膜比对照（不加膜）明显增加了水稻有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重，增加了产量；随着施肥量增加施水面分子膜的增产效果越好；碳铵施膜效果好于尿素施膜效果。施膜一般增产在３％—６．８％，产投比８：１。用差值法进行小区植株含氮量测定，施水面分子膜比对照氮肥利用率提高了６．５％—１１．６％。

The article certifies that there exists certain functional relationship amongst volatilization rate of ammonia, ammonia pressure on paddy water surface and wind speed beyond paddy water surface through a great deal of data analysis. The major aim of the research is to reduce amount of ammonia lost through paddy water surface and study the effect of rice paddy water surface molecular membrane on increasing utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and rice yield. The results indicate that rice paddy water surface molecular membrane can greatly reduce the volatilization rate of ammonia and the nitrogen lost. The treatment of applying rice paddy water surface molecular membrane after adding urea or ammonium carbonate results in more effective ears,spike numbers and thousand kernel weight and total yield than the treatment of non-applying molecular membrane. The effect of yield increment by applying membrane can be strengthened with the increment of fertilizer application. The effect of applying ammonium carbonate is better than that of applying urea. The range of yield increment in treatment of applying membrane is 3— 6.8% and the VCR is 8:1. The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer can be increased by 6.5— 11.6% comparing with the control treatment (non- apply membrane) through the analysis of plants nitrogen content in trial plots by using the method of value difference.