氧弹燃烧过程中极限温度和极限压力的预测及在合成微球氧化物中的应用

The prediction of the limiting temperature and limiting pressure in oxygen bomb in the process of combustion and application of the synthesis of microsphere oxide

采用化学热力学状态函数法,根据真实气体范德华状态方程式和气体恒压热关系式,导出了氧弹内真实气体的恒容热关系式。然后进一步导出了恒容条件下氧弹内试样完全燃烧物系的热平衡方程式,据此计算出氧弹内极限温度和极限压力。文中以锌粉为原料,以乙炔黑作助燃剂,用氧弹燃烧法合成了ZnO微球。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM),对材料的结构和形貌进行表征,结果表明,获得的材料为六方晶系的纳米ZnO晶粒,直径为(200～1 500)nm。

By way of the chemical thermodynamic state function and based on the Van Der Waals＇ gas state equation and the relational expression of specific heat at constant pressure, the relational expression of specific heat of real gas at constant volume in the oxygen bomb is inferred. The limiting temperature and limiting pressure are also calculated in the process of oxygen bomb combusion. Zinc powder is used as the starting materials. The sphere-like ZnO has been prepared by oxygen bomb combustion at the presence of acetylene black as assistant combustion reagent. The products have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The XRD pattern shows that the as-synthesized sphere-like is a hexagonal crystal structure. The microsphere is aggregated from ZnO nano-grains with 200 - 1 500 nm in diameter.