昭通市滑坡泥石流预警系统减灾效益分析

Analysis of disaster reduction benefit of warning system for landslide and debris flow in Zhaotong City

昭通是长江上游滑坡泥石流最为发育、暴发频率最高的地区之一,每年都要发生滑坡泥石流灾害,造成较大的人员伤亡和财产损失,这已成为影响昭通市经济发展和社会稳定的因素之一。1990年,依托长江上游水土流失重点防治工程("长治"工程),昭通市建立了"长江上游水土保持重点防治区滑坡泥石流预警系统?昭通二级站",并先后有6个县10个监测点开展滑坡泥石流预警监测,有5个县开展滑坡泥石流群测群防工作。预警监测主要包括:滑坡预警点监测、泥石流预警监测、群测群防点监测等。至2007年底,滑坡泥石流预警系统共成功预警76起,共撤离和转移危险区群众6 380人,避免直接经济损失3 579.4万元,成功治理了巧家大沙坝泥石流沟,为保护预警区域人民的生命及财产安全做出了较大的贡献。

Zhaotong City is one of the areas in upper Yangtze River where landslide and debris flow outbreak most frequently.The landslide and debris flow occur every year causing considerable casualties and economic losses,which has become one of the factors that affect the economical development and social stabilization in Zhaotong City.In 1990,landslide and debris flow warning system for main prevention and control area of soil and water loss in the upstream area of the Yangtze River-Zhaotong Secondary Station was established based on key erosion prevention project in upper Yangtze River.Successively,monitoring and warning of landslide and debris flow were performed at 10 monitoring points in 6 counties;mass measurement and prevention of landslide and debris flow were carried out in 5 counties.The work includes monitoring at landslide warning points,warning and monitoring of debris flow and monitoring at mass measurement and prevention points.By the end of 2007,76 occurrences of landslide and debris flow had been pre-alarmed successfully and 6 380 people in hazard area had been evacuated and transferred;direct economic losses of nearly 36 million yuan had been avoided.Especially;the Dashaba debris flow gully in Qiaojia County had been controlled,which had made great contribution to the protection of lives and property of people in the warning area.