混凝土重力坝的渗漏及示踪探测研究

Study on Leakage and Tracing Detection of Concrete Gravity Dam

该文以丰满水电站大坝渗漏为背景,阐述了适于混凝土大坝渗漏示踪探测的若干示踪量,如漏水量、温度、电导率、pH值、垂向流和水平流向等及其示踪意义。大坝以坝身渗漏为主,结合实测的漏水量、温度、电导率和pH值,分析了坝体渗漏和接缝(横缝)渗漏的渗漏模式,有高(低)位单缝直接快速式渗透、高位多缝慢速渗透、低位单缝慢速渗透、高位单缝直接慢速渗透。得出了大坝227m高程以下是目前渗漏的主要部位的结论,提出了利用实测温度场的变化来分析大坝上游面可能的入渗口位置的观点。该观点在理论上是成立的,但在实践上还需要进一步验证。

As the background of the dana leakage in Fengman hydropower station, some kinds of tracer amount suited for detecting concrete dam leakage are introduced, such as water leakage, temperature, conductivity, pH value, vertical flow and horizontal flow direction and so on. There are two kinds of leakage for dam itself, one is dam body leakage and the another is joint leakage. After analyzing discharge of dam body and joints in gal- lery and its measured water leakage temperature, conductivity, pH value, it divides the dam itself leakage model into high （or low） single-slit measured water leakage fast direct-penetration, high position multi-slit slow infil- tration, low position single-slits low penetration and high position slit direct slow infiltration. The conclusions are that the impervious effect for concrete paste on the upstream dam face height above 242m is still very good so far, and that for the pouring of concrete and asphalt plug-in on the upstream dam face height of 242 - 226m is also very good on the whole, and that currently on the upstream dam face below 227m is problematic. A new detection method about the possible position of infiltration on the upstream dam face by analyzing the variation of temperature field is correct in theory, but it needs to be verified by further practice.