试论交互式土地利用规划

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF MUTUAL LAND USE PLANNING

在处理开发和保护这一对矛盾时，传统作法是“自上而下”的简单方式，由于它忽略了基层土地用户的愿望，实施时困难重重，效果不佳。本文“交互式土地规划”的出发点是协调个体和群体的利益冲突：既考虑代表全社会利益的政府规划（自上而下），又在具体规划中重视土地用户的切身利益（自下而上），鼓励所有当事人的积极参与，既鼓励开发，又鼓励保护，因而具有许多优点，容易实施。

One of the drawbacks of traditional “topdown” land use planning is the neglection of land users,hence it is difficult to have it implemented and techniques developed could not be put to operation.This situation could become even worse under market economy if the misconception continues to direct land use planning.Thus, a strategy which is favourable for both development and conservation is urgently needed.The paper introduces a new approach which has been successfully applied in other countries oriented by market system,i.e.,mutual land use planning.Firstly,it admitted that conflict over land use is a common issue,which ranges from individuals to countries because various stakeholders have different aims.Secondly,institutional frameworks are developed for conflict resolution and for efficient and sustainable land use planning.The key part of the frameworks is to facilitate the participation of all (direct and indirect) land users through a combined mechanism of 'top-down'and 'bottom-up'practice.Thirdly,eight incetives are presented to encourage production and promote conservation,the key factor of which is to guarantee the security of land tenure over a long period of time.Finally,eight steps are suggested to implement the framework from central government via interested groups to land use.