海南岛生态功能区划研究

Research on Ecological Functional District in Hainan Island

生态功能区划是根据生态环境特征、生态环境敏感性和生态服务功能的重要程度在不同地域的差异性和相似性,将区域空间划分为不同生态功能区的研究过程.其目的是为区域生态环境保护与建设、资源合理利用和工农业生产合理布局的决策提供科学依据,并为环境管理部门提供管理信息和管理手段.本文以海南岛为研究区域,运用生态学理论和区划理论以及GIS技术手段,通过分析海南岛生态环境特征、主要生态环境问题及其形成机制,采用定性与定量相结合的评价方法,对海南岛生态环境敏感性和生态服务功能重要性进行评价,揭示其区域分异规律.在此基础上,将海南岛划分为3个生态区、10个生态亚区和38个生态功能区,为海南岛生态保护与建设的重点、目标、措施的确定以及区域产业结构与布局的调整提供了重要依据.

Ecological functional district was a studying course of dividing the space into different eco-functional areas, based on differences and similarities on the importance of eco-environmental characteristics, eco-environmental sensitivity and ecological service function in different areas. Its purpose was to provide a scientific basis for decisionmaking on regional ecological construction and environmental protection, rational use of resources and rational distribution of industrial and agricultural production, and to provide management information and management tools for environmental management departments. Choosing Hainan island as the study region, this paper evaluated both the eco-environmental sensitivity and the importance of ecological service function and then revealed their law of regional differentiation in qualitative and quantitative methods, analyzing eco-environmental characteristics, main eco-environmental problems and their formation mechanism, using ecological theory, districtional theory and GIS. On this basis, Hainan Island could be divided into three ecological areas, ten sub-ecological areas and thirty-eight eco-functional areas, which would give an important course for clearing key points, objectives and measures on ecological protection and construction in Hainan Island as well as for the adjustment on regional industrial structure and layout.