接种菌剂对猪粪高温堆肥中酶活性的影响

Effects of inoculants on enzymes activities of pig manure during high temperature composting

在静态通气条件下,以猪粪为原料,以小麦秸秆作为调节物质,分别用接种复合微生物和常规堆肥两个处理研究了高温堆肥过程中酶活性的变化特征,并对其与堆料E4/E6和电导率(EC)的相互关系进行了探讨。结果表明,接种菌剂堆肥显著地提高了堆料的温度,延长了高温腐解期,有效地提高了猪粪堆肥过程中各种酶的活性和峰值。酶活性的大小因酶种类和堆肥时期的不同而各异;纤维素酶和蔗糖酶在高温期的活性高,在低温期急速下降;脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性峰值出现在堆肥后期低温阶段;脱氢酶活性峰值出现在堆肥中期,过氧化氢酶活性在整个堆肥过程中呈持续下降的趋势。接种菌剂处理和CK处理堆肥期间的EC值均与纤维素酶和脱氢酶活性呈显著的正相关(p<0.01);E4/E6与过氧化氢酶活性成显著正相关(p<0.01),说明酶活性大小是反映堆肥过程中矿质化过程和腐殖化过程生物化学进程的很好指标。

An experiment was carried out with mixed materials of pig manure and wheat straw either with or without inoculants with microorganism agent （two treatments,one with agent,the other was CK） to study changes of various enzyme activities （including cellulase,sucrase,urease,dehydrogenase,catalase,polyphenol oxidase） during high-temperature composting process in a static state.The relationships of enzyme activity and E4/E6,enzyme activity and electrical conductivity （EC） were investigated.Results showed that the composting temperature was increased, and high temperature decay period was prolonged by adding microorganisms. All tested enzyme activities were bigger in the treatment with microorganism agent than those in CK treatment, and changes of enzyme activities were different with enzyme types and composting period. Cellulase and sucrase of composting had higher activities at the high temperature stage while decreased rapidly at the low temperature stage. Activities of urease and polyphenol oxidase reached peak values with temperature declining at later composting stage. And maximum activities of dehydrogenase appeared at the middle stage of composting period. However, catalase activities dropped down gradually during the whole composting period. There was a significant positive correlation between the enzymes including cellulase and dehydrogenase activities and EC values, while there was a positive correlation between the catalase activity and E4/E6 for both treatments. Enzyme activities during composting can be used to evaluate mineralization and humification processes.