对文化概念及人类学研究范畴的反思

The Reflection on the Concept of Culture and the Research Category of Anthropology

"文化"是人类学的核心概念,由于学术界对文化概念的界定比较模糊,从而导致人类学学科范畴含混不清。考察国内国际人类学研究现状,不难发现,过于宽泛的研究领域使人类学丧失了应有的学科内涵,因此要促进人类学学科稳健发展,首先需要对文化概念进行比较清晰且具有高度认同的界定,并在此基础上对人类学的研究范畴进行选择。从考察学术界对"文化"一词的界定情况以及人类学研究论题的变迁轨迹入手,指出过于宽泛模糊的文化概念对人类学学科发展的诸多侵害,并就如何界定文化概念和如何选择人类学的研究范畴提出自己的见解。

＂Culture＂ is the core concept of anthropology, but the definition of ＂culture＂ in the aca- demic study is rather ambiguous, leading to the ambiguity of the subject areas of anthropology. Mak- ing a general review of the current study of anthropology in China and all over the world, it is not diffi- cult to find that too broad research areas have caused anthropology lost its subject connotation. So that it is necessary to make a new interpretation on the concept of cultural, and make a new choice for the research areas of anthropology on the basis of the definition. This article makes a survey of definition of ＂culture＂ in the academic study of anthropology, as well as the changes of the study topics, points out too broad concept of cultural anthropology research caused serious harm for the development of the study of anthropology, and on that basis puts forward a new definition of the concept of culture and carries out a new choice of the subject.