2005～2008年全国血吸虫病疫情监测

National surveillance of schistosomiasis in China,2005-2008

目的掌握2005～2008年全国80个血吸虫病监测点的疫情变化趋势,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法全国80个血吸虫病疫情监测点按照《全国血吸虫病疫情监测方案》开展了人群及家畜病情、螺情和相关因素调查,汇总整理所有监测数据,分析2005～2008年的监测结果。结果2005～2008年人群血吸虫校正感染率由2005年的2.03%下降至2008年的0.67%,人群血吸虫校正感染率湖沼型流行区显著高于山丘型;职业性疫水接触人群,如农民、渔民和船民均显著高于非职业性疫水接触人群。全国80个监测点家畜存栏主要为牛、羊和猪,分别占50.36%、13.72%和11.53%;家畜敞放仍是饲养的主要方式,其中在有螺地带敞放率为43.99%,圈养率仅为5.13%。2005～2008年,全国9个省（市）79个监测点查出有螺面积,湖沼型占91.96%,山丘和水网型分别占7.74%和0.30%;感染性钉螺面积中湖沼型占98.70%,山丘占1.30%,水网型地区未发现感染性钉螺。钉螺感染率和活螺密度均呈逐年下降趋势,但湖沼型地区4年间感染性钉螺密度下降不明显。结论2005～2008年全国血吸虫病监测点人群、家畜和钉螺感染率等指标均有所下降，但家畜存栏数和感染性钉螺面积等反映传染源控制效果较敏感的一些技术指标未见明显下降。因此，要加强传染源控制措施的落实，减少家畜存栏数和感染性钉螺，以防止疫情反弹。

Objective To understand the epidemic status and patterns of schistosomiasis transmission in China among 80 national surveillance sites for schistosomiasis from 2005 to 2008, so as to provide scientific evidences for making out prevention and control measures. Methods The 80 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites were surveyed according to the national surveillance protocol, and the results were analyzed from 2005 to 2008. Results The adjusted human infection rates from 2005 to 2008 declined year-on-year significantly from 2.03% in 2005 to 0.67% in 2008. The adjusted human infection rates in marshland and lake regions were significantly higher than those in hilly and mountainous regions. The adjusted infection rates of people with occupational exposure to the infested water, such as farmers, fishermen and boatmen, were significantly higher than those of people without occupational exposure. The majority of livestock in the 80 national surveillance sites were cattle, sheep and pig, accounting for 50.36% , 13.72% and 11.53%, respectively. The main pasture way was the open grazing, and the proportion of grazing in snail areas was 43.99%. The proportion of domestic animals raising with fen was only 5.13%. About 91.96% of the total snail infested areas detected in snail survey among 80 national surveillance sites of nine provinces were distributed in marshland and lake regions, 7.74% in hilly and mountainous regions and only 0.30% in plain regions with waterway networks, respectively. About 98.70% of area with infected snails located in marshland and lake regions and 1.30% in hilly and mountainous regions, but no any infected snail found in plain regions with waterway networks. The snail infection rates and density of living snails showed a trend of decline year after year, but the density of infected snails did not fall significantly in marshland and lake regions. Conclusions The infection rates of human, livestock and Oncomelania snails have declined overall from 2005 to 2008, but some important indicators linking to the effect of infectious sources control did not significantly decline. The focus of control measures should be laid on strengthening the implementation of infectious sources control, and on reducing the number of livestock herds and infected snails to prevent the epidemic rebounding.