论委婉语的分类标准及类型

Classification Criteria and Types of Euphemism

常用的委婉语分类标准是规约化程度标准、婉指对象标准、语义标准、语用功能标准。四种分类标准进行分类的意义各不相同:规约化标准分类有助于词典编纂时对委婉语进行选择,以确定哪些委婉语可以吸收进词典;婉指对象标准分类则有助于委婉语词典编纂时对内容的编排;而构成手段标准分类有利于发现委婉语的形成机制;功能标准分类则有助于解决委婉语虚伪与否的争论——利己委婉语是自私的,因而是虚伪的。

Euphemisms can be classified into different groups according to conventionalization-degree criterion, semantic criterion, and pragmatic function criterion. They have different uses： classification with conventionalization is conducive to word selection in dictionary compilation; classification with the euphemized subject criterion is conducive to dictionary compilation in content arrangement; the classification with constitution method criterion is useful to find out the working mechanisms of euphemisms; the function criterion is helpful to settle the dispute on whether euphemism is hypocritical -- beneficial-to-self euphemism is out of one＇s own benefit and is hypocritical.