低渗膨胀试验对人精子头部影响的表面复型电镜初步观察

Surface replica Morphology of the Head of Human Sperm after Hypoosmotic Swelling Test

目的了解低渗膨胀（ＨＯＳ）试验对人精子头部超微结构的影响，以便进一步理解ＨＯＳ对精子功能检测的意义。方法正常生育力人精子经ＨＯＳ处理后固定于盖玻片上，冷却干燥后进行表面复型（ＳＲ），透射电子显微镜观察。结果ＳＲ图像见ＨＯＳ阴性的精子顶体区无显著变化但可见某些局部质膜破孔；高度卷曲的精子尾主段质膜上仍保留着清晰的拉链状膜粒结构和肋柱，除顶体区外，质膜无明显破损；头部有特征性变化，其中顶体后区较平坦，顶体后缘与核后环清晰，而顶体区质膜形态变化较大。凡尾部产生形变者，其头部顶体区质膜呈网格状或多泡状隆起或顶体破裂丢失，类似于体外获能或顶体反应的变化。结论ＨＯＳ可能反映精子产生获能和顶体反应的潜能。

Objective To investigate the effect of hypoosmotic swelling(HOS) test on the ultrastructure of the head of human sperm so as to further understand the significance of the HOS test as a functional test for spermatozoa Methods The fertility proved human sperm pretreated by HOS test was fixed on cover glass,freeze dried and surface replicated The replica of sperm was viewed with transmission electron microscopy Results There was no significant change on the surface of plasma membrane(PM) of acrosomal cap(Cap) of HOS negative sperm while the PM in other areas was damaged in various degrees In HOS positive sperm,even if its tail was highly winding up to the neck,the PM in the major areas,except the Cap,was almost still intact with the zip structure and rib column being clear and integral For most HOS positive sperms,however,the replica of PM over Cap became network like or swallowed,which was similar to the morphologic feature of replica of a capacitated sperm or the smaller portion of a sperm The formation of acrosomal vesicles or the breaking of acrosome with the exposure of inner acrosomal membrane was similar to that seen in acrosome reaction Conclusion HOS test might indicate the potential of sperms in undergoing capacitation and/or acrosome reaction