景观生态学中生态连接度研究进展

A review on ecological connectivity in landscape ecology

生态连接度对生物迁移扩散、基因流动、干扰扩散等生态过程具有重要作用,是目前景观生态学研究的热点内容。生态连接度是测度景观对于资源斑块间运动的促进或者阻碍作用程度的指标。它主要基于渗透和图论两大理论,通过实验、模型模拟以及指数等量化方法描述区域景观结构和功能的变化,广泛应用在自然景观和城市景观格局优化中,对生物多样性保护以及城市开放空间规划具有重要作用。介绍生态连接度的理论基础、评价方法,应用以及主要结论,并对景观生态学中生态连接度的未来研究方向进行展望,以促进生态连接度研究的进一步发展。

As a hot topic in Landscape Ecology study, ecological connectivity is playing very important roles in wildlife dispersal, ecosystem energy flow and disturbance spread. Ecological connectivity is the degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes the movement of ecological flows among resource patches. Ecological connectivity mainly based on percolation theory and graph theory, describes the landscape structure and function by using the quantified methods of experiments, models and indices. Ecological connectivity is applied broadly in the natural landscape and urban landscape and is meaningful to the biological conservation and open urban area planning. In the paper, the theoretical basis, research method, findings and applications, ongoing prospects of the ecological connectivity, are reviewed so as to promote the further development in this research field.