不同磷效基因型大豆在生长关键时期根系形态变化的研究

Root Morphology Traits of Soybean Genotypes with Different Phosphorus Efficiency at Important Growing Stages

利用不同磷效基因型大豆:磷高效品种(HP134、HP119)、磷低效品种(LP113、LP102),采用盆栽控制磷供应量(低磷和高磷),探讨其生长关键时期(花期、结荚期、鼓粒期)的根系形态变化,以期从根系形态学特点为筛选磷高效利用基因型大豆提供一定的理论基础。结果表明:在低磷处理下,磷高效品种的根系适应性强,根系通过增加根长、根总表面积、根体积、根直径、总根毛数来增强对土壤中磷素的吸收,但HP119和HP134两者适应低磷的根部表现又有所不同;磷低效品种根系适应性较差,其根长、根总表面积、根体积、总根毛数在不同处理下相差很大,多数都呈显著甚至极显著差异,且各项数值在低磷处理下远低于高磷处理。由此可见,在大豆生长关键时期可以利用根系形态变化来较好的区分筛选不同磷效基因型。

In order to characterize the root morphological traits of different phosphorus efficiency soybean, two high phosphorus efficiency soybean HP134 and HP119 ,and two low phosphorus efficiency soybean LP113 and LP102 ,were planted in pot experiments under the treatment of low and high phosphorus, and root morphological traits of root length, root surface area, root volume, root diameter and total root hair number were determined at flowing, pod-setting and pod-filing. Under low phosphorous treatment, phosphorus efficiency soybean strengthen their phosphorus absorption by increasing root length, root surface area, root volume , root diameter and total root hair number, hence showed strong adaptability. But the two high phosphorus efficiency soybean have different adaptability of low phosphorus. For low phosphorus efficiency soybeans, the values of root length, root surface area, root volume and total root hair number under low phosphorus treatment were significantly lower than those under high phosphorus treatment, and showed poor low phosphorus adaptability. Therefore, root morphological traits can be used to screen different phosphorus efficiency soybean genotypes at important growing stages.