行间覆膜栽培对大豆根际土壤微生物区系和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Soil Microorganism Regions and Soil Fertility of Soybean Root System with Film Mulching between Rows

为了解大豆行间覆膜栽培增产的产量生理基础,以高光效大豆品种黑农40为材料,进行了行间覆膜和不覆膜处理,对行间覆膜栽培大豆根际土壤微生物区系和土壤肥力进行了研究。结果表明:行间覆膜并没有改变土壤根际微生物主要的三大类群种类的变化,仍是细菌总量最高,其次为放线菌、真菌数量最少。覆膜比不覆膜增加了大豆根际土壤微生物总量,细菌、放线菌、真菌增量高峰期分别出现在R1、R2、R1时期,总数量高峰出现在V2期;覆膜比不覆膜增加了大豆根际土壤微生物生物碳含量,覆膜栽培大豆各生育时期速率N、速效P、速效K的含量高于不覆膜(CK)。因此,行间覆膜栽培增产的产量生理基础之一,是提高了大豆根际土壤微生物数量和生物碳的含量,促进了土壤养分转化,促进了大豆生长发育,提高了大豆群体光能利用效率,导致提高了产量。

To understand the physiological bases of soybean yield with film mulching between rows, the soil microorganism regions and soil fertility of soybean root system with film mulching between rows for Heinong 40 were researched compared with the control. Results suggested that the amount of three major soil microorganism didnl change under film mulching between rows, with bacteria the most, fungi the least. Film mulching between rows increased the total numbers of microorganism and the increments of bacteria,actinomyces and fungi appeared fastigium at R1 ,R2 and R1. The fastigium of total numbers appeared at V2. Film mulching increased the content of biology carbon of soil microorganism regions. Film mulching also increased the contents of N, P and K which can be used by roots compared with the control at different soybean growth stage. Thus, we considered that the increasing contents of the numbers of soil microorganism and biology carbon are one of the physiological bases of soybean high-yielding with film mulching between rows ,which can advance the transformation of soil nutrient, improve the growth of soybean, increase the using efficiency of the light energy of soybean population and enhance the final yield.