几种除草剂在豆科作物田除草效果及安全性测定

Effect of Different Herbicides on Weeds in Bean Crops and Their Safety Testing

为探讨几种化学除草剂对大豆田主要杂草的除草效果及对其他豆科作物安全性,选用除草剂异恶草酮、咪草烟、恶草酮和氯嘧磺隆在4种豆科作物间作田进行播后苗前土壤处理。结果表明:4种除草剂的总杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为84.2%和84.4%以上,均与对照达到极显著水平,除草效果优良。4种除草剂对藜、马齿苋、反枝苋的株防效最高可达到100%。异恶草酮对反枝苋株防效为45.2%。氯嘧磺隆对稗草的株防效仅为11.7%,但对多年生问荆防效达89.8%,其他3种除草剂对稗草防效均较高,对问荆防效较低。从对豆科作物安全性看,4种除草剂都可以用于大豆田除草,与实际应用情况相符;异恶草酮禁用于绿豆、黄芪和黑豆;恶草酮禁用于黄芪和黑豆;氯嘧磺隆禁用于黄芪;只有咪草烟对4种豆科作物安全。

Clomazone ,imazethapyr,oxadiazon and chlorimuron-ethyl were studied in four bean intererops to research their phytocidal effect and safety. In the test, the soil was treated with these herbicides after sowing and before sprouting. The results showed that tbe total phytocidal effect of four herbicides on individual weeds and fresh weight were 84.2% and 84.4% respectively. The control effect of four herbicides attained 100% in weeds of Chenopodium album, Portulace oleracea and Amaranthus retroflexus except that elomazone could just control 45.2% of Amaranthus retroflexus. For Other kinds of weeds, chlorimuron-ethyl revealed high control effect （89. 9% ）in perennial weeds Equisetum arvense and low control effect （ 11.7% ） in Echinochloa crusgalli, while the other three herbicides exhibited the contrary conclusion. The safety tests revealed that all of them could be applied in Glycine max（ yellow seed coat ） ,while clomazone was forbad in Phaseolus radiatus ,Astragalus membranaceus and Glycine max （black seed coat）, oxadiazon forbad in A. membrarmceus and Glycine max （black seed coat） ,and only imazethapyr was safe to all bean crops.