浅析《祝福》中的语用预设

An Analysis of Pragmatic Presupposition in Blessing

预设可以分为语义预设和语用预设两种。语用预设这一概念是语言学家stalnaker首次提出的。语用预设本身具有单向性、主观性、隐蔽性的特点,在交际过程中又具有合适性和共知性的特点。鲁迅小说《祝福》利用语用预设的这些特点,深刻地揭示作品的时代背景、形象地刻画人物、有力地推动故事情节发展、巧妙地向读者传递潜在信息等。

Presupposition is classified into two types: semantic presupposition and pragmatic presupposition,the latter of which was firstly put forward by the linguist Stalnaker.While it is characterized by unindirectionality,subjectivity and concealment,it also features appropriateness and mutual understanding in the process of communication.The novel Blessing written by Lu Xun explores to the fullest these characteristics of pragmatic presupposition to profoundly reveal its background,vividly depict the characters,effectively promote the plot development,and skillfully convey implied information to its readers.