东天山喀尔里克山北坡-淖毛湖植物群落物种多样性研究

Study of the Species Diversity of Plant Communities in the Northern Slopes of Karlik RangeNaomaohu,East Tianshan

以东天山喀尔里克山北坡-淖毛湖为研究区,探讨了该区山地-荒漠生态系统的植物种类组成、植被类型及群落物种多样性特征.结果表明:该区共有高等植物33科93属133种,植物生活型组成以草本植物居多.群落物种多样性测度指数的主成分分析结果显示,物种丰富度指数(R)、Pielou均匀度指数(Jsi)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Simpson优势度指数(C)能很好地描述群落结构和组成特征.其中,多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的变化趋势基本一致,优势度指数则和前三者呈负消长的关系.随着海拔升高,群落物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数变化均呈现单峰分布格局,即植物群落的物种多样性在山前荒漠生态系统和高海拔山地生态系统中较低,而在中海拔地区达到最大.

Based on the data from 22 sample sites, species diversity of plant communities in the northern slopes of Karlik Range-Naomaohu were discussed. The Karlik Range is situated in the eastern section of the Tianshan Mountains, and the Naomaohu is located between the Altai Mountains and Tianshan Mountains. The research on the botany has not been found in this region yet. Applying the analytical method of species diversity indices, the composition, species, and diversity of the vegetation in the study area are discussed this paper. The results show that the higher plants in this area have 33 families, 93 genera and 133 species, which are dominated by Compositae, Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae, Cyperaceae and so on. The composition of plant life-forms is mainly herbaceous. Principal component analysis of the indices shows that, in terms of diversity indices, the species richness index （R）, Pielou evenness index （Jsi）, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H） and Simpson dominance index （C） can better describe the characteristics of the plant communities in the study area. The vegetation types are varied in the study area. hut the vegetation vertical zonal and there is no mountain other mountains on the spectrum is incomplete meadow. Compared with northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, the distributing boundary of the grasslands in Karlik Range is high. Analyzing the species diversity indices of different plant communities indicates that the diversity index, species richness index and evenness index display a common trend, while the dominance index is on the contrary. The fluctuation of the evenness index is very slight, indicating that the distribution of species in different plant communities is quite uniform. The four types of species diversity indices can well reflect the differences between species composition and community organization of different plant communities. With the rising of elevation, the species diversity, evenness and richness increase gradually at first and then reduce. The plant species diversity is lower in the desert ecosystem and higher in the high mountain ecosystem and reaches the maximum at the intermediate zone. This is due to the allocation of heat, temperature, precipitation and other environmental factors favorable in the intermediate zone.