基层医院急性中毒流行病学分析

Analysis of Epidemiology Acute Poisoning in Grass-roots Hospital

目的:研究基层医院急性中毒的流行病学特点。方法:以医院急诊科2004年1月至2008年12月诊治的急性中毒病人的原始资料为基础,对符合研究对象的患者进行流行病学分析。结果:1080例符合标准的急性中毒病人中,男476例(44.1%),女604例(55.9%),男∶女=1∶1.27:平均年龄32.7岁,18～40岁年龄段为987例(占91.4%),死亡47例(占4.4%);农药中毒758例(占70.2%),药物中毒125例(占11.6%),毒品中毒79例(占7.3%),食物中毒84例(占7.8%);口服中毒965例(占89.4%),皮肤接触9例(占0.8%),静脉注射中毒72例(占6.7%),中毒发生于18时～0时人数为813例(占75.3%),中毒发生在3月379例(占35.1%)、9月396例(占36.7%)。就诊平均时间为76min。结论:县(市)级基层医院急性中毒以口服农药中毒为主,青年女性居多,农忙季节夜间发生,就诊时间滞后,毒品中毒有上升趋势,食物中毒事件频发,基层医院急诊科应按其规律制定相应的抢救预案,提高抢救成功率。

Objective： To study the epidemiotogicat features acute poisoning in grass-roots hospital. Methods：The original data of acute poisoning patient in hospital emergency department as studying objects, from January 2004 to December 2008 were analyzed. Results：Among the 1080 acute poisoning patients, 476 were mate（44.1%） and 604 were female （55.9%） with a male： female ratio of 1 ： 1.27. The average age is 32,7 years old,and 987 of them （91.4%） were in the age of 18-40. 47 persons died with a mortality, rate of 4.4%, 758 cases of pesticide poisoning （70.2%）,125 eases of drug poisoning （11.6%）,79 cases of drug poisoning （7.3%）, 84 cases of food poisoning （7.8%）,965 cases of oral poisoning（89.4%）, 9 cases of skin contact （0.8%）, intravenous injection of 72 cases of poisoning （6.7%）,Poisordng occurred at 18：00 to 0：00 of 813 cases （or 75,3%）,Poisoning occurred in March m 379 cases （35.1%）, in September 396 cases （36.7%）. The average treatment time of 76min, Conclusion：County （city） level to the grass-roots hospital acute poisoning mainly oral pesticide poisoning,Young women than men, harvest season took place at night, attending the time lag, An upward trend in heroin poisoning, Frequent food poisoning cases, Grass-roots hospital emergency department should be the law of the development of the rescue plan to improve the success rate.