经鼻肠减压管选择性小肠造影诊断肠梗阻

The diagnosis of intestinal obstruction by small bowel enterography through nasointestinal decompression tube

目的探讨经鼻肠减压管选择性小肠造影对小肠梗阻诊断的临床意义。方法对35例临床诊断为小肠梗阻并排除急诊手术指征患者，在x线监视下经鼻置入300cm长的减压管至空肠上段抽吸减压治疗，随着小肠减压的不断深入，减压管前端可以最大限度地接近病变部位进行选择性小肠造影。在透视下经减压管吸引口注入76％泛影葡胺20～100ml，再注入空气50～200ml，使造影剂和空气直接涌入梗阻病灶周围形成双对比造影。对局部进行动态多体位观察，摄取点片。必要时回抽减压管至空肠上段行全小肠双对比造影。结果本组35例置管全部成功，小肠减压治疗后肠梗阻缓解20例，减轻15例，手术治疗10例。35例选择性小肠造影局部小肠显影清晰，不重叠，重点突出。未见明显异常X线征象6例，粘连性肠梗阻15例，小肠肿瘤4例（转移瘤3例，小肠癌1例），小肠克罗恩病3例，小肠放射性肠炎3例（其中1例造影误诊为小肠转移瘤），小肠套叠2例，小肠息肉1例，升结肠癌1例。结论鼻肠减压管具有小肠减压治疗与选择性小肠造影检查的双重作用。选择性小肠造影可以明确梗阻部位、梗阻程度和梗阻病因，做出影像学定位与定性诊断，为确定手术时机和手术方案提供可靠依据。

Objective To study the clinical significance for the establishment of diagnosis of small bowel obstruction by selective small bowel enterography through a nasointestinal decompression tube. Methods Tirty-five patients with small bowel obstruction, with no strangulation or other contraindications, were intubated with a 300 cm nasointestinal decompression tube till upper jejunum under X-ray monitoring. The patients firstly underwent intra-small-intestinal suction therapy. When the tube reached the diseased region, a selective small bowel enterography was performed. Under X-ray inspection, 20 -100 ml of 76% meglumine diatrizoatis and 50 - 200 ml of air were slowly injected via the decompression tube to perform double contrast intestinal radiography. Results Intubation was successful in all the 35 patients. After the small intestinal decompression therapy. Obstruction was cured in 20 cases, alleviated in 15 cases, and 10 cases received operation. Small bowel enterography in this series was all of high quality, there were 6 cases in which no abnormal X-ray findings, adhesive small bowel obstruction was suggested in 15 cases, small bowel tumor was identified in 4 cases （3 metastatic tumor, 1 small bowel cancer）, small bowel Crohn＇s disease in 3 cases, radioactive enteritis in 3 cases, enteric intussusception in 2, polyp of the small intestine in one, and carcinoma of the ascending colon in one. Conclusions The nasointestinal decompression intubation with X-ray monitoring serves a dual function for the patients with intestinal obstruction, it decompresses the small bowel and does small intestinal radiography, in this way the locale of obstruction was found and the cause of the obstruction identified.