添加辅食对婴幼儿生长发育的影响

Effect of complementary foods on growth and development of children

目的:了解添加辅食对2岁以下儿童生长发育的影响。方法:以4～6月龄时婴幼儿是否开始添加辅食分组,由专人负责,统一表格、标准和要求,进行统一规定的～6、～9、～12、～18、～24月5个年龄段儿童的体格检查和母亲的1人1表问卷调查。结果:深圳市4月龄儿童添加辅食率为60.2%,6月龄儿童为83.7%。添加辅食组～24月龄儿童的体重明显大于末加辅食组,P<0.01,～18月龄儿童的血红蛋白浓度添加辅食组明显高于末加辅食组,P<0.02,各年龄组儿童的血红细胞数比较,添加辅食组均明显高于末加辅食组,P<0.05或0.01。添加辅食与否对各年龄组儿童身长的影响,对婴儿独走、独坐、叫爸妈发育的影响,以及对婴儿感冒、支气管炎及肺炎、腹泻、佝偻病等发病率的影响,均无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论:及时合理的添加辅食,对儿童的血红细胞数和血红蛋白浓度以及体格生长发育均有较大的益处。应在大力提倡科学母乳喂养的同时,进一步加强儿童辅食添加知识及喂养行为方面的宣传与指导,促进婴幼儿的生长发育。

Objective： To understand the effect of complementary foods on growth and development of children under two years in Shenzhen. Methods： Infants aged 4 -6 months old were grouped according to complementary foods adding or not, then medical examination of infants （ -6, -9, -12,- 18 and -24 months） and interview of mothers were conducted by a questionnaire. Results： The rates of complementary foods adding of infants aged 4 months and 6 months old were 60. 2% and 83.7% , respectively. The body weight of 24 - month - old infants with complementary foods adding was higher than that without complementary foods adding （P 〈 0. 01 ）, and the concentration of hemoglobin of 18 -month- old infants with complementary foods adding was higher than that without complementary foods adding （ P 〈 0. 02）, the amounts of red blood cells of infants in different age groups with complementary foods adding were higher than those without complementary foods adding （P 〈 0. 05 or 〈 0. 01 ） . But there was no correlation between complementary foods adding and body length, independent ambulation, independent sitz, calling parents and the incidences of rheum, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea and rickets （P 〉 0. 05 ） . Conclusion ： A timely complementary foods adding is beneficial to the amount of red blood cells, concentration of hemoglobin, growth and development of infants. Breast feeding should be advocated, at the same time, propaganda and guidance of complementary foods adding and feeding behaviors should be enhanced, in order to promote the growth and development of infants.