10种壳斗科植物果实主要营养成分比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Major Nutrition Ingredients of Fruits of 10 Species Belonging to Fagaceae

于10月30日采摘10种壳斗科植物的果实,并测定其果实的含水率和种子(种仁)中总脂肪、蛋白质、还原糖、淀粉、果胶的含量,结果表明:(1)这10种壳斗科植物果实中种子淀粉含量与还原性糖的含量具有相似的规律,即甜槠>茅栗>苦槠>锥栗>红钩栲>多穗柯>华南石栎>青冈>长柄水>细叶青冈;而且甜槠、茅栗、苦槠、锥栗的果实中蛋白质含量都比较高,因此这4个树种的果实作为木本淀粉类资源具有较大的开发价值。(2)脂肪的含量没有明显的规律,其中青冈果实中种子脂肪含量最高,多穗柯最低;果胶含量的变化也没有明显的规律,其中以苦槠果实的种子果胶含量最高,锥栗最低。(3)果实的水分含量分析表明,茅栗、锥栗的果实水分含量都比较高,口感好。

The fruits of 10 species of Fagaceae were picked on 30^th Oct, and experiments on contents of to- tal fat, protein, reducing sugar, starch, pectin of seeds and content of water of fruits were conducted. The resuits are as follows： （ 1 ） Starch content（ % ） and reducing sugar eongtent （ % ） of seeds of the 10 species of Fagaceae show a similar pattern, that is Castanopsis eyrei 〉 Castanea seguinii 〉 Castanopsis sclerophylla 〉 Casta- nea henryi 〉 Castanopsis tibetana 〉 Lithocarpus litseifolius 〉 Lithocarpus fenestratus 〉 Cyclobalanopsis glauca 〉 Fagus longipetiolata 〉 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis. In addition, higher percentages of protein have been found in the seeds of the nuts of 4 species, i： e Castanopsis eyrei, Castanea seguinii, Cctstanopsis sclerophylla and Castanea henry/. These facts convince us that it is very valuable to develop starch resource of nuts of these 4 species. （2） Contents of fat of the seeds do not show any law, but one point is very clear that the seeds of Cyclobalanopsis glauca have the highest percentage of fat and Lithocarpus litseifolius has the lowest. Although the pectin contents of the seeds do not show any law, the seeds of Castanopsis sclerophyUa have the highest percentage of pectin and Castanea henryi has the lowest. （3） The highest percentages of water are found in the fruits of 2 species,i ：e Castanea seguinii and Castanea henryi, because of this, the fruits of this two species have nice taste texture.