不同有机肥源对红壤旱地耕层土壤性质的影响

Effects of Different Manure Sources on Soil Characters in Upland Red Soil

通过3年的大田试验研究不同有机肥源对红壤旱地耕层土壤性质的影响。结果表明:腐熟猪粪和粉碎秸秆作为2种不同有机肥源,均可以降低土壤容重,提高土壤pH值,增加总孔隙度和物理性粘粒含量;2种有机肥均能提高红壤旱地有机质和速效氮、磷、钾的含量,而腐熟猪粪配施化肥处理的速效氮、磷、钾含量均显著高于纯施猪粪处理和纯施秸秆处理(P<0.05)。有机-无机配合施用是提高红壤肥力的基本途径;2种有机肥源均能提高土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌、固氮菌、氨化细菌和硝化细菌的数量,增加其活性,与纯施化肥处理相比较,差异显著(P<0.05);2种有机肥提高了红壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性,而不同的有机肥源处理之间各种酶的活性差异不显著(P<0.05)。

The effects of different manure resources on soil characters in upland red soil were studied through a three - year field planting experiment. The major results are as follows ： 1 ） Boff dung and straw could improve soil physical properties：soil bulk density was lightened, while soil pH, total soil porosity and the content of physical clay increased, which enhanced soil water - holding capacity and soil fertilizer - preserving power. 2） The two kinds of manure could increase the content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potash. Besides, combined application of dung and chemical fertilizer resulted in a more pronounced （P 〈 0.05 ） content of available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potass response than single application of dung or straw. Anyhow, applying chemical fertilizer together with organic fertilizer tended to accumulate more soil organic matter and available nutrients than single application of either.3） The two kinds of manure could improve the cultured microbial community structure, and increase the microorganism biomass of bacteria, actinomyces, fungi ,azotobacter, aminated- bacteria and nitrobacteria. The effect was obviously better than that of single chemical fertilizer（ P 〈 0.05 ）. 4） The activities of most soil enzymes, including catalase,invertase, urease and acid phosphatase increased with application of manure, but there was insignificant differences（P 〈0.05） among the treatments with different manure sources.