精细化工废水的污染特性分析及其控制策略

Pollution characteristics and control strategies of fine chemical wastewater

针对精细化工废水处理难以稳定达标的现状,采用国家标准方法、离子色谱、ICP/MS、GC/MS等分析手段研究了浙江省某工业园区精细化工废水的COD、BOD、氨氮、色度等常规指标及主要阴阳离子和有机物组成,从化学与生物水平揭示了精细化工废水的污染特性,并提出了针对精细化工废水污染过程的控制策略。研究结果表明,精细化工废水是一种典型的有毒/难降解工业有机废水,呈现高COD、高氨氮及高色度等特征;精细化工废水中对微生物构成危害的主要成分有COD、氨氮、部分重金属离子、染料及其分解物等,重点是有机污染物;精细化工废水中的有机成分大多属于有毒/难降解有机污染物,对生物系统存在严重的抑制作用,是造成出水不达标的主要原因。因此,对精细化工废水的处理,应着重对有毒/难降解有机物进行优先控制,并综合考虑高效的处理工艺、合理的水质结构及有效的政策性策略。

Fine Chemical wastewater is a typical industrial organic and non-biodegradable wastewater with high strength of COD, ammonia nitrogen and color. In order to improve the treatment efficiency of the wastewater from a Fine Chemical Industrial Park in Zhejiang Province, several indexes including COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, color, anions, cations, heavy metals and organic compounds were analyzed by ion chromatography, ICP/MS, CJC/MS and other regulatory analytical methods. The pollution characteristics of the fine chemical wastewater were revealed from chemical and biological analysis results, through which the control strategies were proposed. Results indicated that COD, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals, dyes and their decomposition substances were the main toxic pollutants in the wastewater. The organic compounds, which were determined as hardly biodegradable or toxic compounds, inhibit the micro-organisms, so that the quality of outflow couldn＇t satisfy the discharge criterion. Therefore, the treatment of fine chemical wastewater should prior consider the treatment of toxic compounds, the process efficiency, the appropriate water quality structure and effective policy strategies.