随机产出与需求下农产品供应链协调的收益共享合同研究

Coordination of Agri-food Chain with Revenue-sharing Contract under Stochastic Output and Demand

生鲜农产品生产受季节性和天气等影响,投入一定农资后产出呈随机分布。本文考虑产出和需求扰动服从均匀分布情形下,单个生产商和零售商的供应链协调问题。在收益共享合同模式下,生产商决定农资投入数(e)并将单一产品以低于生产成本的价格(ω)全部出售给零售商,零售商制定销售价格(p)进行销售并支付约定比例(1-Ф)的收益补偿生产商。在分析供应链协调的条件后,说明了合同参数ω与Ф的关系和Ф设定范围。研究结果表明,收益共享合同能有效地协调供应链,且协调的p和e与需求价格弹性有关;并且Ф取值范围随影响产出的随机变量的期望值变大而增大。最后以数值算例说明了分析结果的正确性。

Due to the effect of uncertain factors such as seasonal weather, the output of agriculture production is uncertain given certain agricultural inputs. This paper addresses the issue of coordinating agri-food chain with perishable goods by revenue-sharing contract when both output and demand random factor are uniform distribution. Under revenue-sharing contract, a supplier decides on agricultural input （e） and deliveries all goods with a price （ω） lower than its production cost per unit to the retailer while a retailer decides on the retail price （p） and return 1-0 share （percentage） of its revenue to the supplier. Under such a contract, we analyze the basis of coordination of the chain and provide the relationship between ω and Ф as well as the range of Ф A numerical example illustrates the correctness of our analysis. The results show that the revenue-sharing contract is able to coordinate the agri-food chain effectively and the optimal decisions of p and e are closely related to the demand price elasticity. The results also show the range of Ф is widen when the expected output increases.