释《蒙》:知止与化成——从《易·蒙》看先秦儒家的教育思想

On Explaining Manggua——The Thinking of Education of Confucianists in the Pre-Qin Period

历来易家释《蒙》卦,重在阐其"人文化成"的"启蒙"思想,而略其"为学知止"的"敬畏"情怀。《蒙》卦"为学知止"与"人文化成"思想是先秦儒家教育思想不可偏废的两翼,其中蕴藏着求道以诚、审问勤学的为学理念;知险避险、知礼守礼、知天敬天的知止精神;发蒙启蒙、化生化成、警戒祸患的人文思想。《蒙》卦的"知止"思想尤其重要,它包含着先民关于从必然过渡到自由的认识论,规范社会以确立人伦法则的道德论,领悟天道以敬畏神圣的天道论三个层次,是从为学到化成的转折点。先儒阐释《蒙》卦的核心精神,在于说明人如能在自然、伦理、天道层面遵行某种"尺度",知其所"止",便能实现其智识的启蒙与自由的创造。

Many scholars explained Manggua＇s humanism thoughts but ignored its moderate thoughts for learning in history. It＇ s helpful to expatiate elder＇ s piety, question, wisdom, courtesy, respect, didacticism and apprehension. In the same time, we will use for reference of measure in west philosophy to open out the immanence in Manggua.