固定化微生物技术处理城市微污染河水研究

Treatment of Micro-polluted River Water by Immobilized Microorganism Technique

将陶粒、功能化聚氨酯泡沫（FPUFS）、阿科蔓柔性填料、人工水草等4种不同载体与高效复合菌剂BP35应用于曝气生物滤池（BAF）构成固定化曝气生物滤池（G-BAF）,研究固定化微生物技术对城市微污染河水的净化效果.4种G-BAF对NH4＋-N、叶绿素和浊度的去除率分别为83.0%~89.0%、77.5%~89.0%和84.4%~95.2%,均大于对COD、UV254和TP的去除效果.FPUFS含有羟基、环氧基和酰胺基等反应性基团,对酶和微生物的负载量大,因此FPUFS-G-BAF对污染物的去除效率高于其余3种G-BAF.水力停留时间（HRT）对4种G-BAF去除NH4＋-N的影响均不显著,而对COD的去除效果影响较大.当溶解氧（DO）浓度由〈2 mg/L升至〉4 mg/L时,4种G-BAF对COD和NH4＋-N的去除率分别提高了11.9%~18.0%和12.7%~16.1%.GC-MS分析结果表明,G-BAF工艺能有效地将河水中分子质量较大的难降解有机物降解为小分子物质.

The effect of immobilized microorganism technique on the micro-polluted river water was studied by four kinds of gala-biological aerated filter （G-BAF）, which were formed by special microorganism （BP35） and four different carriers, including haydite, FPUFS, aquamats flexible carrier and artificial aquatic mat. The removal rates of NH4＋ -N, chlorophyll and turbidity were 83.0%-89.0%, 77.5%-89.0% and 84.4%-95.2%, respectively, and they were all higher than the removal rates of COD, UV254 and TP. The FPUFS contained reactive groups, such as hydroxyl, epoxy and acylamide groups, which made FPUFS load a great amount of enzymes and microorganisms. Therefore, the removal rates of pollutants for FPUFS-G-BAF were higher than those for the other three kinds of G-BAF. Hydraulic retention time （HRT） had little effect on the removal rate of NH4＋ -N, while affected the removal rate of COD significantly. When the concentration of dissolved oxygen （DO） increased from 〈 2 mg/L to 〉 4 mg/L, for the four kinds of G-BAF, the removal rates of COD and NH4＋ -N increased 11.9%-18.0% and 12.7%-16.1%, respectively. The result of GC-MS showed that the technique of G-BAF could effectively degrade the macro-molecule refractory organics into small-molecule substance.