24年生马尾松生长、形质和木材基本密度的种源变异与种源区划

Provenance Variation in Growth,Stem-Form and Wood Density of Masson Pine at 24-Year-Old and the Provenance Division

利用设置在浙江省淳安县姥山林场的24年生49个产地的马尾松种源试验,以研究和揭示已达主伐年龄时马尾松生长、形质和木材基本密度的种源差异和地理变异模式,通过聚类进行种源区划并选择优良种源。结果表明:马尾松生长、形质和木材基本密度皆存在显著的种源差异,种源胸径、树高和材积生长及树干通直度呈典型的纬向倾群变异模式,这种变异主要是由其产地水热资源条件差异引起的。较之于北部种源,南部的种源生产力水平高且树干通直。种源木材基本密度虽与产地经纬度相关性较小,但却与产地年均温、1月均温、无霜期和≥10℃积温呈显著的负相关。性状遗传相关分析结果显示,选择生产力高的速生种源可同时改良树干通直度,但会明显降低其木材基本密度。根据种源聚类结果,可将马尾松划分为南部、中部和北部3个种源区,并分别纸浆材和锯材筛选出19个和6个优良种源,这些优良种源主要来自马尾松的南部种源区,部分来自中部种源区。

Provenance variation in growth,stem-form qualities and wood basic density was investigated in a 24-year-old Masson Pine（Pinus massoniana）provenance trial including 49 seed sources located at Chun＇an county of Zhejiang to select superior provenances for pulp wood and building timber respectively.The results indicated that there existed significant differences in growth rate and wood quality among the provenances.A classical clinal variation pattern responding to the latitude of seed sources was found for DBH,height,individual volume and stem straightness,and water and heat resources of seed sources were the main climatic factors which caused the variation.Productivity of the southern provenances was higher than that of the northern provenances.A weak correlation existed between wood basic density and latitude/longitude,while a strong negative correlation existed between wood basic density and annual mean temperature,temperature in January,frostless season and accumulated temperature over 10 ℃ of the seed source.Genetic correlation analyses suggested that stem straightness could be concurrently improved with selection of fast-growing provenances,whereas the wood basic density was decreased.The range of Masson Pine in China can be divided into Southern,Middle and Northern provenance zone by cluster analysis.Nineteen and six superior provenances were respectively selected for pulpwood and building timber,most of which were from Southern provenance zone with some from Middle provenance zone.