近代中国西藏亚东口岸开关通商后的对外商业贸易研究

Research on Foreign Commerce and Trade of Yadong Port of Tibet in Modern China after Opening Up and Trading

1890年3月17日,英国强迫清中央政府签订不平等条约《中英会议藏印条约》,后经过3年交涉,就通商、交涉、游牧3个问题,于1893年12月5日又签订了《中英会议藏印续约》,开放"亚东为商埠",规定自开关之日起,皆准以5年为限,概行免纳进出口税。5年限满,查看情形,或可由两国家酌定税则,照章纳进出口税。从此以后,长期落后、封闭的西藏地方政府,被帝国主义用大炮轰开了大门。英帝国主义不仅获得了免税权,还获得了治外法权,西藏社会不仅逐步沦为半殖民地社会地位,也开始进入近代商业贸易畸形发展时期。

On March 17th in 1890, United unequal treaty： ＂Treaty on the Sino- British Kingdom forced Qing central government to Conference on Tibet and India＂. Through sign the first another three years negotiations over trade,negotiation and nomadic issues,on December 5th in 1893,China and British again signed the ＂Sino- British Talks on Tibet and India Contract＂ It stipulated Yadong region was opened up as a commercial port, and all import and export duties should be exempted within five years. After that,by actual situation,Qing central government might consult with United Kingdom on tax regulations satisfied. Since then,the long- term backward,closed Tibet local government was invaded by imperialists with artilleries. British imperialism gained not only the right to tax exemption,but also extraterritorial rights. Simultaneously,Tibet entered into semi-colonial society and started the period of abnormal development of modern businesses.