印度河文明兴衰和地理环境变迁

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION AND IT'S GEOGRAPHICALENVIRONMENTAL TRANSITION

历史学界证实，约发端于公元前３０００年的印度河文明，历经千年辉煌后，突然衰落了。此文着重探讨了与这一兴衰过程相伴的地理环境变迁问题。初步结论是：印度河流域的热带森林，孕育了古代农业，并成为阶级社会诞生、发展的自然基础。青铜利刃、文明之火，砍尽、烧光了一片又一片原始森林，终于引发了良性生态平衡的崩解，导致难以逆转的沙漠化过程，使一个兴旺的古代社会衰落到死亡的边缘。雅利安人的入侵和其后的漫漫风沙，彻底埋葬了印度河古代文明。

The research on the rise and fall of the ancient civilization and it's geographical environmental transition has captured the interests of the author. Some issues of the environmental situation, the research work at present, forces driving environmental change and societal responses have been summrized in this paper. At the same time, social and economic factors should be fully considered in the research on the rise and fall of ancient civilization and it's geographical environmental transition which needs analyzing together with regional sustainable development and global change. It is confirmed by historians that the Indus Valley civilization which originated from 3000 B.C, declined suddenly after thonsands years flourishing. This paper inquires into the environmental transition concerned with the rise and fall of the Indus Valley civilization. The preliminary conclusion are: first, the tropical forest in the India river basin not only is the breeding of the ancient agriculture,but also is the natural base for the birth and development of the class society; second, the destruction of the original forest by fire and cutting destroyed the well ecological balance,and resulted in desertification which led the ancient civilization to the edge of decline; third, the invasion of Aryan, and later the wind and sand buried completely the ancient civilization in India River valley.