窟野河地区基于小流域尺度的土地利用动态变化研究

Study on landuse dynamic changing base on the small basin scale of Kuyehe river basin

在3S技术的支持下，以内蒙古伊克昭盟窟野河流域2002和2006年的LandsatTM影像为信息源，对比分析2002—2006年窟野河流域中的高皂依小流域，奎洞小流域（非沙区水土保持治理区）以及泊尔洞小流域，圪丑沟小流域（沙区水土保持治理区）水土保持治理前后的土地利用变化及其差异。结果表明：二者5年的土地利用均发生了不同程度的变化：1）从土地利用结构的总体变化趋势来看：前者主要表现为低覆盖度草地显著减少，中、高覆盖度草地面积增加；后者主要表现为沙地的大幅度下降，中覆盖度草地增加，高覆盖度草地及有林地面积增加。2）从土地利用类型转化速度来看：前者以中覆盖度草地及耕地这两种土地利用类型变化速度最小，高覆盖度草地和疏林地变化速度最大；后者以沙地变化速度最快，呈急剧下降态势，中覆盖度草地增加速率较其它类型快。3）从土地利用类型之间的转化来看：前者以中、低覆盖度草地转化为有林地，中、低覆盖度草地之间的相互转化为主。后者以沙地向低覆盖度草地、疏林地和中覆盖度草地转化为主。研究区土地利用动态变化情况表明在该区实施的各项水土保持工程效果良好。

Landuse dynamic changing characters and difference of four small basins were researched base on 3S technique supported by using 2000 and 2005 landsat images as a information sources. Two of them （ Gaozaoyi river basin and Kuitong river basin） representing the watersoil maintenance recovery area of non -sandy land area, the other two （Boerdong fiver basin and Geehougou river basin） representing that of sandy area. Results showed that there were different changing degrees of land use during study period. Firstly, the main changing features of the former area were the significant decrease of low coverage grassland and the increase of middle - cover, high coverage grassland; and that of the latter were the large extent decrease of sandy land and the increase of middle- cover, high coverage grassland and woodland. Secondly, the middle coverage grassland and cropland changed slowly, however, the high coverage grassland and sparse woodland changed very fast in the former area. The sandy land decreased rapidly with the largest changing speed and the middle coverage grassland increased faster than other land use types. Thirdly, the main transferring forms in the former area were middle coverage and high coverage grassland transferring to woodland and the inter - transferring of middle coverage and low coverage grassland. The main transferring forms in the latter area were sandy land transferring to low cover- age grassland, sparse woodland and middle coverage grassland. The land use change of the study area proved that the effect of the water - soil maintenance project carried out in this area was favorable.