中美两国学校和医院房屋的抗震设计对比

Comparison of the Chinese and US Seismic Design on School and Hospital Buildings

从建筑结构基本设计原则角度出发,比较了中国抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)与美国国际房屋设计规范(IBC2006)中的抗震条文。结合美国抗震设计规范的发展,基于1933年发生在加州洛杉矶的长滩地震和其后产生的费尔德法案,讨论了美国抗震设计规范实际上是建立在多次地震损失的教训上的。并且为了防止再次发生类似的地震损失,美国规范对于学校和医院的建筑给予特别的重视。最近发生的四川汶川地震摧毁了许多学校和医院的建筑,造成重大伤亡。这次地震也提醒了我们,中国的建筑结构抗震设计和施工质量都有可待提高的地方。为了让学校的建筑能够保障学生生命安全,医院的建筑在灾难发生时能够提供给人们持续的紧急救援,本文提出了一些可以从美国抗震设计规范借鉴之处。

n this paper, the basic seismic design principles in Chinese seismic code GB50011-2001 and the US seismic provisions in the International Building Code are compared. Starting from the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake and the Field Act after the earthquake, the development of US seismic code is discussed. The seismic design ill US is basically from all the lessons leanled in the previous earthquakes. Also, to avoid similar earthquake damages happen again, US building code pays special attention to public school buildings and hospital buildings. The recent Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake damaged many school and hospital buildings, and caused many death. It also reminds us that the seismic design practice and construction quality could be improved in China. In order to provide life safety for the school Children and keep our hospitals in operation to accomendate the emergency needs for the future disasters, this paper highlighted some areas in the US building code that can be learned and make our building safer.